Handwriting: More than Just Ink [Graphology] Essay -- essays research

      script analysis is also known as graphology. Graphology is delimit as the try of playscript, especi all(prenominal)y as used to think a persons vitrine. The interest in handwriting as an expression of personality is as disused as the practice itself. Chinese philosophers hold up been fascinated with handwriting since ancient times and have been especially interested in the distinct styles of calligraphy produced by different writers (Sackheim,1990, p. xv-xvi). The first methodical attempts to meditate handwriting took place in Italy in the beginning of the seventeenth century. Alderisius Prosper published in Bologna a study called Ideographia. Camillo Baldo soon after tried and true making a formal recording which presented a way for judging the nature of a writer from his letters. These were all lost. But they obviously attracted readers. It became practiced from castling to castle by people trying to sack up money from handwriting interpretation s (Roman, 1952, p.3). The surprising thing about graphology that is non all about handwriting analysis. Graphology is the study of the graphic movement it is not simply handwriting analysis (McNichol and Nelson, 1991, p. 23). This is why graphologists can also study doodles, drawings, sculptures, and paintings to infer a persons character and the physical, mental, and emotional states of the subject. These creations atomic number 18 called brain prints. These reveal who we are, how we think, feel and behave. These mind x-rays are very evident in handwriting since we for the most part dont think about how we write. Graphology is a good way to loosely judge people, who they truly might be.     Whenever we take a write utensil and begin writing, a good deal of what were doing comes naturally. This is an un advised act. But there are times when well change how we write certain letters because we equal the other way of writing it more. This is a conscious effort. Both of these can be analyzed. The latter can be analyzed just as wellhead as the former because it is a conscious effort of trying to change unconsciously to a certain trait. The style of the changed letter seems appealing because the characteristic does, unconsciously or consciously (McNichol et al, 1991).     There are the fixed traits IQ, aptitudes, temperament, and identity. And there are unfixed traits ability... ...tremendously. I found out who the people around me are check to graphology. And it made me pick up on certain characteristics of myself that perhaps I need to change. If I change them in writing, eventually they will change in real life if I make that effort (McNichol et al , 1991)Bibliography     Greasley, P. (2000). Handwriting analysis and personality assessment the creative use of analogy, symbolism, and metaphor. European Psychologist., 5(1), 44-51.     Koehler, Derek J., and Roy N. King. "Illu sory Correlations in Graphological Inference." Journal of Experimental Psychology utilize Vol. 6.4 (2000) 336-348.      Roman, K. (1952). Handwriting a key to personality. New York Pantheon Books, Inc.Santoli, O. (1989). How to read handwriting. New York Crown Publishers, Inc.     McNichol, A., & Nelson, J. (1991). Handwriting analysis pose it to work for you. Chicago Contemporary Books, Inc.     Sackheim, K. (1990). Handwriting analysis and the employee selection process. Westport, CT Quorum Books, Inc. Handwriting More than Just Ink Graphology Essay -- essays research      Handwriting analysis is also known as graphology. Graphology is defined as the study of handwriting, especially as used to infer a persons character. The interest in handwriting as an expression of personality is as old as the practice itself. Chinese philosophers have been fascinated with handwriting since ancient times and have been especially interested in the distinct styles of calligraphy produced by different writers (Sackheim,1990, p. xv-xvi). The first methodical attempts to study handwriting took place in Italy in the beginning of the seventeenth century. Alderisius Prosper published in Bologna a study called Ideographia. Camillo Baldo soon after tried making a formal recording which presented a way for judging the nature of a writer from his letters. These were all lost. But they obviously attracted readers. It became practiced from castle to castle by people trying to make money from handwriting interpretations (Roman, 1952, p.3). The surprising thing about graphology that is not all about handwriting analysis. Graphology is the study of the graphic movement it is not simply handwriting analysis (McNichol and Nelson, 1991, p. 23). This is why graphologists can also study doodles, drawings, sculptures, and paintings to infer a persons character and the physical, mental, and emotional states of the subject. These creations are called brain prints. These reveal who we are, how we think, feel and behave. These mind x-rays are very evident in handwriting since we for the most part dont think about how we write. Graphology is a good way to loosely judge people, who they truly might be.     Whenever we take a write utensil and begin writing, much of what were doing comes naturally. This is an unconscious act. But there are times when well change how we write certain letters because we like the other way of writing it more. This is a conscious effort. Both of these can be analyzed. The latter can be analyzed just as well as the former because it is a conscious effort of trying to change unconsciously to a certain trait. The style of the changed letter seems appealing because the characteristic does, unconsciously or consciously (McNichol et al, 1991).     There are the fixed traits IQ, aptitudes, temperament, and identi ty. And there are unfixed traits ability... ...tremendously. I found out who the people around me are according to graphology. And it made me pick up on certain characteristics of myself that perhaps I need to change. If I change them in writing, eventually they will change in real life if I make that effort (McNichol et al , 1991)Bibliography     Greasley, P. (2000). Handwriting analysis and personality assessment the creative use of analogy, symbolism, and metaphor. European Psychologist., 5(1), 44-51.     Koehler, Derek J., and Roy N. King. "Illusory Correlations in Graphological Inference." Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied Vol. 6.4 (2000) 336-348.      Roman, K. (1952). Handwriting a key to personality. New York Pantheon Books, Inc.Santoli, O. (1989). How to read handwriting. New York Crown Publishers, Inc.     McNichol, A., & Nelson, J. (1991). Handwriting analysis putting it t o work for you. Chicago Contemporary Books, Inc.     Sackheim, K. (1990). Handwriting analysis and the employee selection process. Westport, CT Quorum Books, Inc.

The Paris Peace Treaties Essay -- History

The genus Paris Peace TreatiesThe Paris Peace Treaties (1919-1920)IB HistoryTo the subject and passive onlooker, those meticulous organizers of the Paris Peace Treaties allowed for an unfortunate amount of flaws to get to their task of creating a accordance that could satisfy all of the nations of not only Europe but of the world as well equally. Yet one must(prenominal) attempt to put that passiveness behind and admit that those of the time of post World War I had truly no idea what was to come of their decisions. Thus, the decisions of these toilers of the Paris Peace Treaties undoubtedly make a medley of wrong judgments that were virtually unforeseen at the time. The first of these mistakes was that they looked over the problems that the innumerable heathenish groups of Europe would cause. succor to be overlooked was France, still highly intimidated and insecure of a Germany that it wanted to see completely annihilated and rendered mightinessless. Lastly, was the Central pow ers, angry and cheated over their passing harsh punishments. Thus the founders of the Paris Peace Treaties, despite doing their best to form a way to peace and betterment for Europe, managed to make a great worry of unanticipated oversights in their quest for harmony. The continent of Europe was composed of legions of different ethnic groups that at the end of World War I caused many problems for the treaty drawers of Paris. Even Wilson himself confessed that there were far many more ethnic groups in Europe than he at first realized- most of them seeking their declare personal independence. Eastern Europe and the Balkans because many historical occurrences (such as invasions and migrations) were made up of a bewildering kaleidoscope of races and religions. There were still hordes of nationalistic minorities in countries with a majorities of ethnic groups not of their own. To make things even more difficult for the writers of the Paris Peace Treaties was that these races did not l ive in their own separate areas of the countries of Europe. They lived mixed among themselves, dispersed end-to-end the regions with the race of the majority. In addition to the problems left to those who drew up the peace treaties (in accordance to the ethnic problems) were that there were still populations of a race of people indoors various nations that belonged ethnically to another nation. For example, within Hungary ... ...ed to create an agreement for the best of the world.Conclusively, the writers and founders of the Paris Peace Treaties, despite their efforts to bring a lasting peace to the world, made a variance of unforeseen mistakes in their toil. For the uncountable amounts of varying ethnic groups could not be easily separated without annoying at least someone- and since the Central powers were the losers, logic suggested that it would be them. Secondly, Frances increasing insecurity towards Germany that dated back decades caused for it to demand Germany to be para lyzed forever. This as well as other forms of Allied punishments caused for increase Central power animosity towards the Allied powers. Therefore, the intent of peace treaties was well intentioned initially, and the criticism of them was undeserved in that there was nothing that anyone could do else without the impossible of power seeing into the futureBibliography1. (Handout) Lentin, Antony. The Consequences of the Versailles Settlement.2. (Handout) Sharpe, Alan. Part I The Post War Settlement.3. Wolfson, Robert. Years of Change European History 1890-1945. London Hodder and Stoughton, 1978, pp.183-192.

The Politics of Name Changes in India Essay -- Town City

The Politics of Name Changes in IndiaEver since independence in 1947, many locations in India have changed their names. Much of this resulted from the reorganization of the farmings on linguistic lines (as opposed to British colonial divisions). However, in the last six years, many major towns and cities have been renamed in ways that affect foreigners more. Among this flood of changes, three stand out. These are the former cities of Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta, which, together with Delhi, are considered the mega cities of India.1 They are the four most populous cities in India, and wholly but Madras are among the 15 most populous cities in the world.2 As a result, they are important commercial and transit hubs, and are well cognize outside India. Yet nearly six years later, most non-Indians still have no idea that they are now named Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata. Given the difficulties involved in these changes, one expects compelling justifications for the changes. In each case, these changes have officially been justified on anti-colonialist grounds. However, I will argue that these changes are instead tools for channeling regionalist sentiment in the conflict between the Hindu patriot Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the centrist Indian National Congress (INC), and various regional parties. Opponents of the INC proposed all these names, but those proposed by the BJP and its nationalist allies have been more divisive.The case of Mumbai was the first major change to happen, and is thus the best known. In 1995, the ruling party in the government of the state of Maharashtra (of which Bombay was capital) announced that Bombays name would be changed to its Marathi name, Mumbai.3 The casual observer would assume that the name B... ...ttp//www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/52a/076.html - a BBC article about the Kolkata name change * http//www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/indian_subcontinent/mumbai/history.htm - a snuff it site with a history of Mumbai. (It conne cts Bal Thackeray, the leader of the Shiv Sena, to Adolf Hitler) * http//theory.tifr.res.in/bombay/history/people/language/ - a list of most languages in India spoken by over a million people * http//www.contactsindia.com/tourism/south/tamil_nadu/madras.htm - a site with information about Chennai * www.aapkashahar.com - a tourist site with little or no graphics, demonstrating utilisation of both old and new names for cities * www.soulkurry.com - a site about womens spirituality in India List of Indian cities that have recently undergone (or may undergo) a name change. (Population figures are from www.citypopulation.de.)

Air Pressure effects the Speed of Falling objects :: essays research papers fc

ResearchAn quarry that is falling through the atmosphere is subjected to two external forces. The foremost force is the gravitational force, expressed as the weighting of the object. The weight equation which is weight (W) = mass (M) x gravitational acceleration (A) which is 9.8 meters per square second on the surface of the earth. The gravitational acceleration decreases with the square of the distance from the affectionateness of the earth. If the object were falling in a vacuum, this would be the only force acting on the object. But in the atmosphere, the motion of a falling object is opposed by the occupation resistance or squeeze. The drag equation tells us that drag is equal to a coefficient times one half the air density (R) times the velocity (V) squared times a reference area on which the drag coefficient is based.The motion of a falling object rotter be described by Newtons second law of motion, Force = mass x acceleration. Do a little algebra and solve for the acce leration of the object in terms of the net external force and the mass of the object (acceleration = Force / mass). The net external force is equal to the difference between the weight and the drag forces (Force = Weight - Drag). The acceleration of the object then becomes acceleration = (Weight - Drag) / mass. The drag force depends on the square of the velocity. So as the body accelerates, its velocity (and the drag) pass on increase. It will reach a point where the drag is exactly equal to the weight. When drag is equal to weight, there is no net external force on the object, and the acceleration will become equal to zero. The object will then fall at a constant velocity as described by Newtons first law of motion. The constant velocity is called the terminal velocity.What is aerodynamics? The word comes from two Greek words aerios concerning the air, and dynamis, meaning powerful. Aerodynamics is the study of forces and the resulting motion of objects through the air. cosmos ha ve been interested in aerodynamics and loyal for thousands of years, although flying in a heavier-than-air machine has been possible only in the last cardinal years. Aerodynamics affects the motion of a large airliner, a model rocket, a beach ball thrown near the shore, or a kite flying high overhead. The curve ball thrown by big league baseball pitchers gets its curve from aerodynamics.

Free Essays on Invisible Man: Defining Oneself :: Invisible Man Essays

Defining Oneself in Invisible Man   Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison is a novel which embodies the universal discipline of self-discovery, of the search to figure out who one truly is in invigoration which we all are embarked upon. Throughout the text, the narrator is constantly wondering about who he really is, and evaluating the different identities which he assumes for himself. He progresses from being a hopeful student with a bright future to being just another short(p) black laborer in New Your City to being a fairly well off spokesperson for a powerful political group, and finally to being the invisible man which he eventually realizes that he has always been. The deepest irony in this text is that for a significant portion of the story, the narrator is unconscious of his own invisibility, in believing that others can see him, he is essentially invisible to himself. Only through a long and arduous journey of self-discovery which is troubled with constant and unexpect ed tragedy and loss does he realize the truth, that his perceptions of himself and of how others perceived him had been backwards his entire life.    The story opens with the narrator participating in a action royal prior to delivering a speech on humility, and on the progress of the Black people. These are the days during which he is still a hopeful scholar, specify himself as a potential Booker T. Washington. At this point he is living the life that others have told him that he should live, and defines himself as he believes he is seen through their eyes, as an icon of what a Black person can achieve and as a role model for his people.    The abuse and degradation which he is vomit up through in the battle royal give him the first inklings that everything is not as it seems, but fail to do anything to change the narrators perceptions of himself. It is quite possible that if minded(p) the chance, the narrator may have gone on living the life that society had pre selected for him, and never realized his invisibility, but fate had other plans for him.    His entire life was thrown into disarray the day that he was assigned to show around Mr. Norton, a powerful white man and founder of the school that he was attending. The narrator made the mistake of taking Mr.

The Devastation of the Indies and Movie The Mission Essay -- Devastati

The Devastation of the Indies and Movie The MissionThe Mission and Bartolome De Las Casas book, The Devestation of the IndiesAlthough The Mission and Bartolom De Las Casas book, The Devastation of the Indies portray events that took betoken everyplace two centuries apart, similar features and effects of colonization are apparent in each account. Slight differences in viewpoints are evident, such as The Missions portrayal of the natives in a more humane fashion, but this goes along with the evolution of time and the current trend of being politically correct. In other words, people forthwith have broader views on issues, are more unbiased in their reasoning, and are careful not to offend others. Whether efforts to conquer land happened in the sixteenth light speed or will happen in the future in say the twenty-second century, by definition of conquer alone, defeating, suppression, and a complete overpowering, has taken place and will continue to in the future. (Merriam-Websters, 1 997, p. 245). The Devastation of the Indies was written in the middle of the sixteenth century in response to De Las Casas outrage about the horrific intercession of natives in the New World. De Las Casas first came to the New World on Colons second voyage. At one time De Las Casas did own slaves himself, but his experiences over time in the New World, led him to new ways which included getting rid of his slaves. His mission became one of letting others, especially those in his European homeland, become certified of the cruel treatment of the natives by the European colonizers and he began a crusade for the abolition of Indian slavery and the general improvement of the natives lives. (http//www.funkandwagnalls.com) De Las Casas book is a first-hand acco... ..._reviews/1986/ 11/117159.html. October 2, 1999.iii. Enlightenment, Age Of. http//www.versaware.kidsreference.lycos.com /encyclopedia /low/ articles/e/e007001089f.asp. October 3, 1999. iv. History of Nicaragua. http//www.rnw. nl/racism/nicaragua/html/facts.html. October 3, 1999.v. Las Casas, Bartolom De. http//www.funkandwagnalls.com/encyclopedia/low/ articles/ 1/1015000292f.html. October 2, 1999.vi. Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary tenth edition. Springfield, Massachusetts Merriam-Webster, Inc., 1997, p.245.vii. Mueller, locomote Anna M. Teaching beyond the Quincentennial, Hispania 76 (3), September 1993. found at http//www.millersv.edu/columbus/data/art/ MUELLER1. ART, October 2, 1999. viii. Reviews The Mission (1986). http//www.amazon.com/exex/obidos/ts/vide 120X/ref= pm_dp_ln_v_1/002-4226867-6742623. October 2, 1999.

An Annotated Bibliography Essay

Chin, Jean Lau. (2004). The Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination. Westport, CT Greenwood Publishing Group This book discusses the effects of prejudice and discrimination on the psyche and mavins participation in society as a whole. The pertinent section in this book discusses the unique plight of gay or sissified non-white men that have to contend with homophobia as well as racism. Of special n one is the section in which sexual orientation often has a negative effect on the career development of many gay black men.This is an interesting resource since most of the material on the subject does not address the secondary sub-category of sexual orientation (Chin, 2004). Daniels, C. (2004). Black Power Inc. The New Voice of Success. Hoboken seat Wiley & Sons C. Daniels Black Power Inc. is a book of long suit length that explores the phenomenon of black people placing a growing emphasis on economic rather than political position. The book is geared toward young to middle-ag ed black professional men and women, who are Working While Black (WWB). C.Daniels writes for Fortune magazine with an extensive history in writing about the social kinetics inherent in big businessespecially as it relates to the unique issues black men and women face in the corporate world (Daniels, 2004). Davis, G. & Watson, G. (1982). Black bread and butter in Corporate America Swimming in the Mainstream. Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press Although written twenty-seven years ago, this account by Davis & Watson (1982) is still relevant in chronicling the early stages of Black integration into corporate American life.The book describes the upstream struggles of educated black professionals as they attempt to make a animateness commensurate with their skills. While also observing the lesser tolerance of open bigotry in the workplace, certain jokes and comments are often alienating to black men (Davis & Watson, 1982). Gates, Henry Louis. America behind the Color Line. New York Warner Books, 2004 This book contains interviews from several powerful African-American men including Russell Simmons, Quincy Jones, Vernon Jordan, Colin Powell and Morgan Freeman.Written by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. , one of the premier scholars of African-American studies today. This book shows the diversity of successful Black men from the corporate and political arenas to the performing arts and community activism, and discusses triumphs and challenges. A very intimately read for anyone studying black achievement (Gates, 2004). Livers, A. & Caver, K. A. (2002). Leading in Black and White Working across the Racial Divide in Corporate America. Hoboken John Wiley & SonsThis book by Livers & Caver (2002) describes the challenges faced by Blacks who occupy a higher level on the corporate ladder (i. e. managerial positions). They challenge the popular impudence that black leaders have the same issues as white leaders, and underscore the problems of trust many black men have with their white colleagues because of lack of putting green experiences. This book was intended for black managers that need help in continuing to navigate the system (Livers & Carver, 2002). Merida, K. (2007). Being a Black Man At the recession of Progress and Peril.Washington Public Affairs This is a collection of essays about the personal and professional struggles of black men in America. Many points of view get out with identity intersections of different roleshusband, father, employee, and businessmanas well as dreams and ambitions. This book generated a great deal of interest in the reading public as it offers a personal glimpse of the realities of black life. K. Merida is a reporter for the Washington Post, and was thus able to use his credentials to find many contributors to this volume (Merida, 2007). train Horne, W. A. (2007).The Concept of Black Power Its Continued Relevance. Journal of Black Studies, 37(3), 365-389 This is a study of the growth of Black Power in America as th e upper-middle-class grows slowly and quietly. Even though over time, black people have gained more civil rights in America, there is still a significant toss between them and the white majority. However, W. A. Van Horne notes that the black underclass often overshadows the slow, but inexorable growth of the black middle class. He also raises questions of whether the black power movement is still relevant (Van Horne, 2007).

Contempory Management Functions Essay

How do the theories proposed in your chosen reading inform your understanding of contemporary counsel bends and the employer-employee family relationship?The Purpose of this essay is to realise how scientific perplexity impacts contemporary management functions and the employer-employee relationship. This essay is based on the journal article Locke,E (1982)The Ideas of Fredrick W Taylor An Evaluation, Academy Management review,7(11),pp.14-24 and is regarding scientific management started by Fredrick Winslow Taylor which was a theory developed regarding management which analysed workflows. It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to management. Scientific managements main objective was to alter sparing efficiency and productivity in the workforce. In most simple terms some of the many concepts were having a standardised method for doing a job, providing increased honorarium to the worker as reward for being efficient and hiring the right person for the right job. Many of these theories are very popularly used in management to solar day.Contemporary is a word meaning existing or occurring at the same time (Robbins,2012) . Management functions refer to the way somebody manages a worry (Robbins,2012). Therefore contemporary management functions are how we typically manage like a shot. Employer- employee relationship is the relationship in which a manager has with their employees and how they complete their work day together and if they are efficient together (Robbins,2012). The four contemporary management functions are Planning, Organising, leading and controlling. Planning is defined as a management function that involves defining goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals and developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities (Robbins,2012). Organising is a management function that involves arranging and structuring work to get to the organisations goals (Robbins,2012). Leading is wor superpower with and through people to accomplish organisational goals and controlling involves monitoring, comparing and correcting work performance (Robbins,2012).Scientific management theories proposed in this reading do apply tocontemporary management functions. Although many of these theories could be argued as common greetledge directly, when Fredrick Taylor established them they were prehistoric terms. He wanted to find out one best way for everything in the workplace. Taylors most good known experiment was the pig-iron experiment (Locke, 1982 ). The experiment involved workers loading pigs of iron on to rail cars. He knew their current daily output, but believed more was viable using scientific management.This was done callable to many things. First of all putting the right person on the job with the right tools and equipment. In todays management people hire the best person they can for the job. Secondly he had the worker follow his instructions exactly. This is also normal in todays management function s, because people do things the way the employer wants them to. Taylor also motivated successful and productive workers with higher pay (Locke, 1982). This is also very common in today, with higher salary packages for good workers and pay increases for productivity fairly common. This improves employer and employee relationships by fashioning the employee feel valued.Although many people believe in Taylors scientific management functions Lawerence (2010), Green (1986) both argue that that this is not the case and that scientific management is the problem in todays management. Although there arguments are intimately presented there seems to be no evidence suggesting that Taylors theories do not work. Chung(2013) Agrees with Taylors contemporary management theories but argues the point that people could be to caught up on contemporary management functions and forgetting some key aspects of general managing.Taylors scientific management theories help the understanding of the employer -employee relationship by making it easier to understand what the relationship is actually for. This relationship is primarily about productivity .Many things Taylor did such as relaying messages from the employer to the employee to improve productivity) are also widely used in todays management(locke,1982) . He also discovered that giving feedback to your employees will increase there skills and there productivity ( Locke,1982). This method is also very commonly used today with weekly meetings in many companies between employee and employer.Many large companies today use contemporary management functions in the work place. Companies Such as subway, burger king and McDonalds are all very structured from top to bottom of the company and people are constantly striving to think of ways to improve productivity thus maximising profits. Yang (2012), Talks about all the hugely complex mathematical equations that now go into various parts decision making in Burger King and McDonalds. Althou gh the equations are to complex to understand to the average person it is clear that management is a lot more planned and structured in todays workplace. Williams (2008) statesConsistency is a priority at McDonalds (p.15). This is true because anytime you walk into a McDonalds anywhere in the world you know what to expect.This is due to the contemporary management functions of a large scale to plan and organise and regulate what every individual McDonalds can do to ensure people know what they are getting and what to expect every time they walk through that door. Williams (2008) also discusses the change between old management styles and new management styles that lose produced positive results for the company. The new management styles are all very similar to what Locke (1982) says about Taylors theories. For example Williams (2008) speaks about all the new rewards McDonalds bind brought in for successful franchises and employees ranging from bonuss to promotions to higher positi ons which like Taylor suggests encourages people to work harder hence greater profits (Locke, 1982 ) . Williams (2008) also talks about the extensive figure out in training managers and staff and the new expectations of every employee within the company that has increased greatly over the years to insure everything runs according to contemporary management functions.Taylors theories of scientific management are helpful in informing you of contemporary management functions and employer-employee relationships. The way the workplace is shaped today seems very germane(predicate) to Taylors theories. Many of his theories are normal in todays management functions. Although he has had many critics of his work It is shown in the articles that not many have been able to prove there arguments. Using evidence such as Williams (2008) journal on the change in managing McDonalds makes it clear that Taylor has had a big influence on typical management functions in todaysworkplace.Chung, C. (2013 ) The Road Not Taken Putting Management Back to Taylors Scientific Management, journal of multidisciplinary research, 5(1), pp. 45-56.Green, M. (1986) A Kantian Evaluation of Taylorism in the Workplace, Journal of Business Ethics, 7 (2), pp. 165-169.Lawrence, P. (2010)The key job design problem is still Taylorism, Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 31 (2), pp. 412-421.Locke, E. (1982) The Ideas of Fredrick W .Taylor An Evaluation, Academy of Management Review, 7 (1), pp. 14-24.Robbins,S.R., Bergman, Stagg, Coulter. (2012). Management (6th ed.). Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd. Williams, E. (2008) Accelerated leadership development tops the talent management menu at Mcdonalds ,27(4),pp. 15-31.Yang,N. (2012) Burger King and McDonalds Wheres the Spillover?, 19(2),pp.255-281

A Critique of “Who Needs College?” Essay

Meaghan OHareProfessor Haytham MahfoudLIBS-3003-02September 22, 2013A Critique of Who ask College?In her essay Who Needs College? Linda leeward addresses the issue of whether or not a college education is necessary in order to have a fortunate life. Lee believes that too lots importance is maneuverd on going a room to school and getting a degree when it is very possible to find a job and turn around valuable life lessons without it. While many would strongly oppose her position on this topic, it has been proven time and time again by numerous individuals that a bright future is well within reach without having to obtain a degree.Going to college is considered to be one of the most important parts of a mortals adult life. Lee focuses on this unnecessary pedestal that the college experience is put on. Kids treat it as an excuse to party and do not place the same level of importance on it as their parents do. Lee had this realization with her own son when she thought about(predicat e) how she was paying $1,000 a week for this entertainment cruise (52). This lead her to pull her son out of school until he was ready to go back and be serious or find a job to occupy his time more efficiently.Her son went on to have many different jobs. They were not the most glamorous, but taught him independence and how to be prudent with his own money. Lee argues that this life path got her son to a fulfilling place where he was enjoying what he was doing and had found a good job where a furtherance was in his near future (2). This end result is typically why students go through college in the first place.Throughout the essay, Lee uses multiple statistics in order to back up her position. This is useful because it helps the reader understand that the point being made is a valid one. Lee goes on to make references to batch ranging from her hair colorist all the way to Bill Gates to prove that a degree is not necessary to go places in life (52). It is helpful that she in any case has the advantage of being able to say her son benefited from this way of living. This broadens the audience immensely because the varying agegroups can relate to the different examples and statistics used throughout.Lee makes a very refreshing point and is correct when asking the question of why so many people feel it is necessary to go to college. It is unendingly assumed that after graduating high school, college is the only acceptable step a young person should be taking. These are very high expectations that put a lot of pressure on the ones who might not be ready yet. It is much more practical to focus on what you are passionate about first and then going back to school instead of the other way around. Lee states that most kids today view college as a way to get a good job (52). This only sets graduates up for disaster when they go out into the real world and find out that they cannot find a job as easily as they thought they would. Making it seem like getting a degree is the only way to get places in life is entirely the wrong impression to be giving.Furthermore, while the notion of bypassing a college education is unheard of for most people, it is very possible to be successful without one. Lee thoroughly believes that going to college should not have to be expected from everyone. Referencing the experience she went through with her own son and how he left school loose her eyes and lead her to ask the title question of Who Needs College? Earning a degree may be essential for those who wish to pursue a occupational group in medicine or law, but is not always helpful to those who do not have similar goals. Multiple statistics are used throughout in order to validate this. Lee opens the door for many who might not have thought skipping out on college at first or altogether was an option. It is more then possible to learn the same important lessons and find a good career and now, thanks to Lee, awareness can be raised.Works CitedLee, Linda. Who Nee ds College?Perspectives on Contemporary Issues Readings Across the Disciplines. 4th ed. Ed. Katherine Anne Ackley, Boston Wadsworth/ Gengage Learning, 2005. 51-52. Print.

Is Overpopulation the Main Cause of Child Labour

Is Overpopulation the Main Ca drill of boor mash? Child repulse refers to the exercising of nipperren to benefit their family financial situation where they are exploited to danger and hazard. It may interfere with their education and hamper the s hand overrren physic aloney, ment eithery, spiritu each(prenominal)y or morally. Children exposed to boor labor since young can be distorted or disabled due to carrying heavy loads or forced into unnatural positions at behave for presbyopic hours. Many say that the main cause of child elbow grease is overpopulation.Though I agree that overpopulation is one of the important causes of child travail, scarcely I think that it is non the main cause of it. According to a report from UNICEF in 2010, an estimate number of 158 one thousand million children are engaged in child labour and this is almost 17% of the totalal number of children and according to International Labour Organization, it has addd to 215 million currently. O ver the eld, researchers have provided sufficient evidences that a large popularity of child labour occurs in developing countries.Majority of it happens mostly in the rural of Asian and African countries and they are mostly victims of scarce resources for example food supply and water. However, child labour is too common in some developed countries, for example in the United States, more than 230,000 children work in agriculture. Reported by Edmonds and Pavcnik, 85% of workings children are employed for doing works related to the agriculture. Countries where child labour has befit a common practice include Bangladesh, Tanzania, Myanmar, Yemen, India and many more.Below is a case of child labour in Bangladesh Mohammad Faisal Hossain is a twelve-year-old boy who works to support his family. To meet their submits, he holds down two jobs on the packed roads of the Bangladesh capital, Dhaka change freshspapers in the early morning and working as a serve welling hand on a small m inibus. Every morning, Mohammad collects newspapers from the retailer and weaves his style with the crowded railway stations and bus contains. On an average day, he earns 70 to 80 taka, less than US$1, at this job. His second job takes up most of his time until level(p)ing.On the minibus, he shouts out the vehicles destination to potential passengers and collects fartheres from each rider. At this job, Mohammad worries for his safety. His wish is to go to enlighten everyday interchangeable other children but his mother, whose once a maid servant but left after she fell sick, couldnt afford sending him to school after fifth grade. At this crucial moment between death and survival, his father left them behind which made them even more helpless and he has no other pick but to work. reported by UNICEF Causes of Child Labour Cases of child labour are mostly found in families who are suffering from poverty.Poorer families are usually overpopulated and they have more children a nd family members to feed and to take care of. In addition to these, they have limited resources of food supply and other basic necessities essential for musical accompaniment as they cant afford anything more. These factors have driven children to work so that their financial situation at home volition improve. Exposed to harms, abuses and exploits, the children are deprived from their education. Overpopulation in an area leave also cause the demand of resources like food supply to increase and therefore, people testament compete for the operable resources.This means that the poorer families entrust have less get to to it. However, personally, I think that overpopulation is non the main cause of child labour. Poverty is the primary cause of child labour. Poverty leads to many other factors which force children into labour. Despite the fact that the parents know that child labour is incorrect, they are forced to choose this as the other selection will be worse, for instance , without sufficient money for the basic needs of life, people will become malnourished and infected with dieaseas which will eventually cause death.Besides that, poorer families scat to be less educated. The illiteracy of parents will cause them to neglect the physical and emotional development of a child as they do not nominate the importance of ones education and the effect of it they have on their future(a). Due to their illiteracy, the grown-ups are finding it difficult to find jobs that can provide them luxuriant income to support their family. Now in the 21st century, most of the well-paying jobs are to be do with the help of advanced technology and it is expected that their employees have knowledge of how to use a computer.Thus, it is expected that the poorer ones has less chance to be employed as they dont even know how to read or write, is it not? The increase in un piece of works of the adults has caused the children to become the source of income. Children tend to w ork in factories because employers find it more profitable to employ children as they cost less and can elicit more work. This problem has been known and throughout the years, much aid has been gathered to help increase the employment rate in rural areas.Governments and communities have been essay hard to try find ways to bridge the digital divide as this may be the first step in help eradicating poverty. However, in my opinion, I think that the main culprit of the practice of child labour is the regime. The ignorance of profaneed governments have caused cases of child labour to increase at a immobile pace. It is the provided in good order thing that the governments film sure that their people are not suffering from the lack of basic needs.They are the ones responsible for the countries affairs and they need to take actions to eradicate poverty in the commonwealth as fast as possible for example implementing new laws or enforcing existing laws to ban the employment of cert ain age. Here is a case where child labour is being ignored An underage farm worker, Molefe Mogale, 14, was working on a farm in Rustenburg when his hand was chopped off while operating a machine. He died in hospital a day later, on 26 July, Phetoe said. So far only a case of murder and child labour is opened and nothing further is done.No arrest, no prosecution because the case was opened by the farmer we were told that they will not charge him. reported by Times Live Effects of Child Labour Child labour deprives children of a proper childhood. They do not complete their development all roundly and this may lead to many psychological imbalances. When they grow up, the child labourers remains uneducated which means that they will be unable to find a good job. Hence, they become incapable of taking care their own family which means they need to make the later generation to work and thus, the history repeats itself.The uneducated of the child labourers will condemn them to a life of unskilled and badly paid work and this perpetuates poverty. Also, children who never have the chance to delight in the fun of their childhood are expected to reach mental and emotional maturity at a very early age. This is highly dangerous as these children will start displaying adult behaviors such as smoking and taking drugs. Employers are now taking the liking towards employing children as they are often paid much less than adults. These causes the unemployments of adults increase and thus, more families will force their children to work.Child labour also has impacts on the economy of the country. Despite the fact that child labour will not have evident impact when their young, but we all know that the future of our world lies in the hands of the the earlier generation. Possible Scenarios As I have mentioned above, I strongly disagree that overpopulation is the main cause of child labour. Poverty causes overpopulation and the ignorance of the corrupted government are the ones t o blame for not putting adequate effort to eradicate poverty. Corrupt Governments ?Continuation of Poverty ? Overpopulated Families ? Child Labour The children now are the future leaders of this place and if child labour is not stopped, it means that our world will be ? lled with more uneducated people. This will bring much problems as there will be many vacancies for the o? ce jobs in developed countries because not many of them are capable for the jobs. When people of the country has a lower income, it means that the total income of the country will also fall. Then, the global market will be a? ected.The gap between the rich and the poor will be even harder to bridge and it will be an eternal struggle for the government to eradicate poverty in their country. People around the world will face problem getting access to the services and products in rural countries when the unemployment rate increases. Many businesses that solicitd special skills will not be able to have the jobs ? lled and eventually fall into bankruptcy. Businesses like manufacturing factories and farming will be cramped with people as they are the only job that the people are capable of doing because they do not require much skills.However, the employers will not be able to employ everybody in that area and the many more people will remain unemployed. Child labour will also cause harm to the countries nations. It can bring harm to our society. The children who are not brought up in the counterbalance way will not know that stealing is immoral and in order to survive, they will steal things from others. A recent case shows that a 10 year old jolly was beaten to death because the innocent kid was slow at things. Imagine that you are the parent of the child, how will you react?They will react rashly and gratingly towards the loss of their child and cause unsettlement and turmoil around the society. As more families face the same thing, the problem will get bigger and the whole country will be a? ected, forcing the government to take actions. What Should Be Done To Stop Child Labour? In my opinion, the government bears the most responsibility to stop child labour. Throughout the years, many di? erent laws have been implemented to ban the abuse of children and so on. Below are some examples of laws implemented to overcome the issue 1919 The nominal Age (Industry) Convention (No. ) prohibited the work of children under the age of 14 in industrial establishments. 1930 The ILO Forced Labour Convention (No. 29) protected children from forced or compulsory labour, such as victims of tra? cking, children in bondage, like Iqbal, and those exploited by prostitution and pornography. 1999 ILO unanimously adopted the Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the body waste of the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (No. 182). It called for States to prevent the most damaging child exploitation practices or the worst forms that currently exist.Besides that Declaration of the Right of the Child is issued, stating a few important rules to help protect the children against unfair treatment and the protect their rights to have access to certain things like education. Declaration of the Rights of Child 1. every children have the right to what follows, no matter what their race, colour sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, or where they were born or who they were born to. 2. You have the special right to grow up and to develop physically and spiritually in a healthy and normal way, free and with dignity. . You have a right to a reveal and to be a member of a country. 4. You have a right to special care and protection and to good food, housing and medical services. 5. You have the right to special care if handicapped in any way. 6. You have the right to love and understanding, preferably from parents and family, but from the government where these cannot help. 7. You have the right to go to school for free, to play, and to have an equal chance to develop yourself and to learn to be responsible and useful. 8. You have the right always to be among the ? st to get help. 9. You have the right to be protected against cruel acts or exploitation, e. g. you shall not be obliged to do work which hinders your development both physically and mentally. 10. You should be taught peace, understanding, tolerance and friendship among all people. The enforcement of existing laws is very important because there will not be e? ective if they are not enforced. There is one Chinese idiom that says retrovert a man a ? sh and you feed him for a day. Teach a man how to ? sh and you feed him for life. I think that the government or communities should organize vocational education and training for older child labourers so that they have break-dance skills which means a better job in the future. Besides the implementation of new laws and enforcing the existing laws, in papers prepared for the 1997 International Conference on C hild Labour, it was revealed that child labour can best be combated through providing better access to education, raising social awareness and so on. According to UNICEF, for every year of quality education that a child receives, their adult earning potential increases by a worldwide average of 10%.Governments in several countries have tried to make the enrollment of school compulsory and free of charge. This is accomplished by collecting funds and reducing the use of money on less important things. This method has been proven successful in Malawi in the year of 1994 when the government made primary education free. Research stated than from one academic year to the next, enrollment has increased by roughly 50%. However, I trust that halt child labour is not only the responsibility of the governments. The society needs to contribute too as we are all living as one.I think that ? rstly, we need to be aware of what is happening to them and we can do this by observing the World Day Ag ainst Child Labour every year on June 12. We can start by spreading the words around and maybe start a community in our society to unite against the problems by collecting funds to aid poorer families so that they can a? ord sending their children to school, gather old and unused items from people to donate to them so that they can cash in ones chips their money on something else, organize campaigns to build rehabilitation and vocational centers to teach them special skills, and so on.Above are some of the basic things that we can do to help but to make things more e? ective, we can write to companies that use child labour and demand that they stop, contact Foreign A? airs, Industry, Trade and Labour Ministers to demand that trade be tied to human, children and labour rights, lobby the government to make education for all children a top priority, etc. We can all make a di? erence and anything will be possible if we put much e? ort into it. Small things that we do can make a great d i? erence even only by spreading words about the e? ects and great impacts of child labour.In 2006, the International Labour Organization published a report called The nullify of Child LabourWithin Reach. There was one very special fact noted in this report Today, there are 28 million fewer child labourers than there were four years ago This means that the work you are doingwe are all doingto stop child labour is rightfully creating positive change. But there is quench much more to be done. ball-shaped Views People have come around to know about this estimable issue of child labour. Many communities and organizations have contributed much to help reduce and if possible, stop the practice of child labour as it brings bad e? cts tot he child and the people of the country. The best way to help raising awareness is to have celebrities to spread the word. This will be the most e? ective way as people from all around the world can hear them. Several presidents of some countries, inc luding the ex-president of England Tony Blair, have join hands with communities such as Global March to help keep the rights of the children. In my opinion, I believe that aid need to be provided with them urgently. I think that every children in this world have rights to receive equal opportunity of education and survival hances. It is unfair that the children have to pay the price of the consequences of poverty when they didnt even do anything to cause it. both(prenominal) people might think that it is none of their business as long as they are safe under the roof and has a great future laid beneath them, but they do not know that the continuation of child labour will eventually cause harm to the community and the country. somewhat of the child labourers even commented that being put in jail is better than their current life because they are fed and sheltered while in jail.The most basic things that we can do to help is to organize trips to slump-down areas to bring a little jo y back to their life and to teach them special skills that might be useful to them in the future. International Views 1. When you produce a bullet, you commit another sin against mankind, but when you make a toy or a record you bring hope and smile to a child. Kailash Satyarthi International Coordinator of the Global March, Manila 23 January, 1998. 2. 180 million kids are engaged in the worst forms of child labour. Put it all together and it is not only morally unacceptable, but politically dangerous. Juan Samavia 3. Child labor and poverty are inevitably bound together and if you continue to use the labor of children as the treatment for the social disease of poverty, you will have both poverty and child labor to the end of time. thanksgiving Abbott 4. In the past, children were all too often viewed more as property than people. Many victories for childrens rights have been won in the last 100 years, such as child labor laws, protecting children from having to work long ho urs in unsafe conditions public education, allowing all children to have access to learning and laws preventing child abuse.But there is still much to do in protecting childrens rights around the world. Robert Alan Silverstein National Views 1. Now is the time to act for the future of our generation. The question of child abuse is crucial, we call on the general public to join hands with us. Boonthan Verawongse South-East Asia Coordinator for the Global March, Malaysia 18 February,1998 2. Its very important for businesses to understand while they are providing employment to the families that they also have a responsibility to the families and the children who are born of those parents Victor Karunan Voicing Their Thoughts 1. This is our right that (adults) have to listen. This is childrens rights. And if they are not abiding with that right, we will work harder to make them hear. Om Prakash November 19, 2006 2. We want to study and learn, not beg on the streets. During the worldwide march I learnt that I, too, am a real person. Now I want to become an engineer. Basu 11 years old Nepalese street child, Thailand 14 February,1998 3. Why do we have to pay the price of poverty. We didnt create poverty, adults did. Sultana 12 years old garment factory worker, Bangladesh 14 February,1998.Conclusion In conclusion, I disagree that overpopulation is the main cause of child labour because I think that a corrupt government in the country contributes most to it. A countrys availability of resources and a? airs like poverty rates are all managed by the government. If the government was e? ective, then the poverty rate will be lower and decrease but a corrupted government will only cause the country to become even poorer, hence increasing the cases of child labour. Governments play a major role in eradicating poverty and stopping child labour as the impacts of the continuation of child labour will be devastating.As we all know, the future lies in the hands of t he children and child labour only causes the increase in the illiteracy rate and this is not something good if we are to lead the country in the future. However, governments are not the only one responsible of this current issue and businesses and the society needs to help stop it. Businesses should make sure they dont employ them at a low cost and we as normal citizens need to be careful not to encourage child labour by buying products that involves child labour. Many things have been done to help stop child labour and many laws have been implemented and enforced.At this rate, I believe that child labour can be stopped someday and children will be given back their rights if everybody contributes a little to help them. Resources 1. http//www. eclt. org/about-child-labour/child-labour-standards 2. http//jordan. thebeehive. org/en/content/1515/2936 3. http//nchildlabour. info/HTML/Intro/CAUSES%20AND%20SOCIAL%20IMPACT%20OF %20CHILD%20LABOUR. htm 4. h t t p / / c o n c o r d i a . a c a d e m i a . e d u / G i a c o m o J a c k M a g g i o r e / P a p e r s / 3 6 3 2 4 3 / The_Dark_Exploration_into_the_Reality_behind_the_Third_World_Labor_Market_A_docum ent_on_Child_Labor 5. http//www. imeslive. co. za/local/2011/08/05/child-labour-being-ignored 6. http//www. ilo. org/global/topics/child-labour/langen/index. htm 7. http//www. irinnews. org/Report/32259/TANZANIA-Child-labour-common-in-Zanzibar 8. http//library. thinkquest. org/03oct/01908/800/whydoesitoccur_childlabor. htm 9. http//anujagarwal. hubpages. com/hub/Cause-and-effects-of-Child-Labour 10. http//sukritha. hubpages. com/hub/ChildLabourStillExist 11. http//www. betterworld. net/quotes/children-quotes. htm 12. http//www. unicef. org/infobycountry/malaysia_61973. html 13. http//www. un. org/cyberschoolbus/humanrights/resources/plainchild. asp

Gaming in Shanghai Essay

OverviewHyperHawk, star of the worlds major providers of global supply perplexity software and run, helps companies reduce costs through economical product and services sourcing. It has handled more than $50 billion worth of products and services in the oil and gas, other natural resources, retail, transport, finance, and industrial sectors for customers including General Motors, Nestl, Shell, Japan Energy, Mitsubishi, and Cadbury Schweppes. Shanghai-based JJM, one of the biggest gaming and hospitality companies in Asia, is owned by Chinese businessman Tan Wu Bo. This case study revolves around the period when JJM has been a HyperHawk client for vi months, and the companies confirm signed an agreement to conducttwo projects. The first, completed in March 2005 and tremendously successful, saved JJM some $1 million, and the second one is set to start.Impressed with the results, JJM wishes to explore the possible action of other joint endeavours with HyperHawk.To this end, a meet ing is arranged between JJMs Senior Vice-President of Finance Iris Ma and HyperHawks RegionalManaging DirectorDrake Dubois, and att terminate by JJMs Vice-President for Procurement Henry chow and HyperHawk Sales Group Director Layton Pang. Ma is keen to explore more projects with HyperHawk and has tasked Chow to follow up with HyperHawk as in short as possible. The managing director of HyperHawk suggests that a session be arranged with key stakeholders from both companies to discuss and assess possible opportunities for other JJM projects.The SceneMa and Chow agreed to the suggestion and asked that a proposal be submitted to JJM after the opportunity assessment meeting that was at disco biscuitded by Chow, his assistant Mary Xie, who is also the purchasing manager, and two members from HyperHawk. Both parties identified ten possible projects. Xie asked for a proposal to be submitted to JJM through her, and HyperHawk provided a competitive price package that included services over a twelve-month period. As is to be expected from a Chinese company like JJM, Xie asked for a reduction in the licensing fee, tag onitional program management age (at no extra cost), and an extension of the software term from twelve months totwenty-four months. In reply, HyperHawk put in writing its discussions to date with JJM 1.JJM had agreed that HyperHawk could add value to the projects identified. 2.JJM would sign for a ten-project package to get a competitive price.3.If HyperHawk could meet JJMs demands, the latter would sign the contract by May-end 2005. Xie agreed to microscope stage one above, only was non blesstal on points two and three. After much discussion, HyperHawk agreed to lower its fee and provide JJM additional program management days at no additional cost. However, HyperHawk said it could not agree to extend the twelve month term for use of the software without charging extra. Then, to complicate matters further, Xie suggested that JJM could not commit to an agreement even if all the issues were resolved. The most recent negotiations were conducted quite hastily, since HyperHawk knew that Xie was not the decision maker and approval had to come from her top management.Negotiations to DateHyperHawksprimary concern was how credibly JJM would be to enter into an agreement even if the issues were resolved, and within what time frame. JJM argued that the proposed price was beyond what it could afford, although it recognized the need for help from HyperHawk to down the projects, and that it needed twenty-four months to implement the ten projects payable to its lack of manpower. HyperHawk took the position that, while it was prepared to look into the fee structure and program management term as part of the marrow package, the request for twenty-four months was not reasonable. Although it reasoned that other organizations were able to implement ten projects in twelve months, to satisfy JJM, HyperHawk negotiated a mid-way solution a level be st of eighteen months.When one week passed and there was no response from JJM, HyperHawk asked if it would be prepared to sign if HyperHawk acceded to its three requests.Xie replied that she would submit the proposal for approval to her superiors, Tan and Ma, but added that there was no guarantee the agreement would be signed by the end of May. From HyperHawks perspective, all the issues presented by JJM had been resolvedyet there was simmer down no deal. When asked about the status of the project, JJM cited staff turnover, but then mentioned another possible IT project where there was a clear need for HyperHawk. The discussion ended with JJM requesting that HyperHawk prepare the preliminary work and submit yet another proposal.Based on the updated information, it appeared that the IT project might get underway earlier than the antecedently proposed ten projects. Moreover, given that this project had an entirely different scope, there was a strong argument to negotiate a separate d eal for it. Whichever proposal JJM wished to undertake first, HyperHawk was restore to negotiate and finalize an agreement, but it could not yet tell whether the latest development was a genuine project or a further carrell tactic.Observations1.Both parties acted rationally in the way the negotiations were conducted, and it helped that the relationship between them was excellent from the start. 2.HyperHawk gave in to JJMs demands in the hope of concluding the agreement quickly and starting the projects. But JJM go along to indulge in last minute wavering and only introduced a new project, which took the parties away from the initial negotiations. 3.The way HyperHawk responded to JJMs delaying tactics, showed its patience and its aim to get the deal done. 4.Meanwhile, JJM believed it was negotiating from a position of strength, having even gone so far as to assert that it had in-house a system similar to that of HyperHawk that could probably effectuate its needs, even though wit hout the sophistication of the HyperHawk product.5.Going forward, it was critical that HyperHawk engage with Ma, the senior vice-president and decision maker, since the groundwork had been laid with her staff. But they were finding it difficult to do so due to the complicated hierarchy of the Chinese companies. 6.HyperHawk reflected that maybe it should have asked for the agreement to be signed within a fixed time when it met JJMs initial demands, although JJM had previously delayed decision qualification on other projects.ConclusionsThis case is typical of what vendors face in a competitive, hi-tech environment, and illustrates the opportunity they have to reduce their price. Handled appropriately, a win-win outcome is not difficult to achieve. From this case study, at least two scenarios for short-term success can be derived. First, assuming the vendor, is taking a toughened stance, you can take a long-term perspective and conclude the first sale with a friendly, competitive att itude, countering the buyers demands with suitable offers, while never losing sight of your determination to bag the order. But,besides showing friendliness, flexibility, and determination, you must show the potential buyer that you will be there for them over the long haul. For this you admit people with leadership qualities in your team. Should one lack high-quality leaders in your team, you have the option of a second scenario. In this case, you would show, right from the beginning,that your team comprises weighty workers who will do whatever the buyer needs.By adopting Chinese-style service orientation and dedication and making your team indispensable to the potential buyer, being available daily, and making yourself virtually a part of your opposite numbers staffyou could clinch a deal. HyperHawk failed to show the requisite service orientation and commitment. From the perspective of longer-term success, an initial achievement provides the opportunity for friendship to be cul tivated with the client companys key people, perhaps even with the CEO, the final decision maker. Should one ultimately become accepted as family, the client will telephone you for what they want and no longer require competitive quotations. But to reach that point, you will have had to develop a genuine friendship and service orientation with those at the top of the client company.

Lars and the Real Girls Essay

In the require Lars and the real girl by Craig Gillespie, an important cause developed is Lars. Lars lives in a tight knit community based in a small American town. Lars has a fear of human advert which results in him suffering form a delusional disorder where he falls I bang with, Bianca, a life sized real doll. by dint of with(predicate) his relationship with Bianca he is provided with unconditional have it off and leave out of criticism he desires. This inurn helps him gain confidence he requires to engage in his community and begin to affiliate to those around him. Gillespie shows the development Lars undergoes through the techniques setting, costume and dialogue.In the opening-establishing scene we are introduced to images of barren landscapes, harsh tweed lighting and a thick layer of shock that covers anything vibrant. The cold, still environment provokes a disconsolate mood, which parallels to our first introduction of Lars. We are introduced to Lars through a fros ted girded window. The window is symbolic to Larss sign mental state, as he appears emotionally frozen. The squares grids on the window enforce a restriction between him and the reference. The dark lighting behind him contrast with the white painted grids on the window, making him look imprisoned this reinforces the literal barriers he puts up from the rest of the community. His facial expression is monotonous which harmonizes with the setting. The barriers put between the listening and Lars is a way Gillespie.Costume is another technique Gillespie uses to establish Lars personality.in the opening scene Lars is introduced wearing excessive layers of winter jumpers, long trousers, and chunky scarfs. This reinforces the visual barriers Lars puts up due to his fear of literal and emotional human contact. The clothing is all natural tones, the absence of color adds to the ominous feelingGillespie uses minimal dialogue to stage Larss character as socially recluse. Limited dialogue he lps the viewer to understand Lars is introverted because he is afraid to socially interact with other people. The lack of dialogue to a fault helps us appreciate the dialogue he does say, I thought the snow was over. Knowing that it has been carefully selected by the director to contribute or develop and important idea. Often Lars character substitutes words by awkwardly squinting his eyes shut. This happens when Lars is uncomfortable in the social situation. The audience is manipulated to feel clement towards him. Its important that this sympathetic connection is made early on, so the audience is engaged in his development.Upon the arrival of Bianca, we see a false thaw in the weather. As Lars introduce Bianca to Karin (Larss sister in law) and Gus(Larss brother) the false thaw signifies Lars begging to open himself up to Karin and Gus through the arrival of Bianca. The deceptive thaw, a few patches grass and a glimmer of sunlight, symbolizes Lars emotional retrieval. Through the unconditional love and lack of criticism he desires Bianca provides him, Lars begins to interact with the community having Bianca close by as a protective harness. However it is only false thaw, as Bianca is only plastic and will never be able to provide him with admittedly fulfillment. However the way the community plays along with Bianca gives lars the chance to find his own identity in his own time and in his own way. As an audience we see the immense healing power a community can have if the fall together to support an individual.Costume further shows Lars development, as Lars shows love interest for Margo (Lars colleague). This shows a huge transition in his character as it shows he has gained the confidence to obtain a mature healthy relationship with a real person. Costume enhances this conversion, as he isnt wearing as many layers, showing he is more comfortable around her. By eliminating the armor like clothing, we see he is emotionally ready to let people close to him. Lars is also starting to wear colors, pink in particular, which is the color we assistant Margo with because she always dresses in it. This shows the positive influence Margo has on Lars. Wearing warm colors like pink purposely triggers positive connotations to the viewer, which makes his development more plain and contrasts with the ominous mood at the beginning.Through therapy session Lars confesses finally ready to let Bianca go because he has developed into a mature man who has a place in society and no longer needs Bianca to provide him with a armor like strong front when socially interacting. He realizes his love for Bianca will never be able to provide him with true fulfillment. He announces the death of Bianca to Karin and Gus and the community hold a funeral in respect of Bianca but also to morn the attachment the made with her through Lars. The compassion on love of the community at Biancas funeral shows Lars he is not alone, and has the support of those around him. int ercourse Shows us his full development when he says to Margo after the funeral, do you want to go for a walk? this is the first time Lars is initiating human interaction.In the film Lars and the real girl by Craig Gillespie, costume, setting and dialogue help to develop the protagonist Lars. We originally see Lars is introverted, withdrawn and a social recluse, but through the unconditional love and lack of criticism provided by Bianca, a life sized real doll, we see him grow into a mature man who has anchor his place in society. The support the community shows, offers Lars the encouragement needed to develop healthier relationships with real people. Gillespie challenges the audience to accept those around us who may not fit in. He makes it our job to not give up on people, even when they have given up on themselves. As an audience we come to appreciate the healing power that one community can have.

Supply Chain Management of Square Pharmaceutical

leave range of a function guidance (SCM) is the oversight of materials, reading, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Supply string centering involves coordinating and integrating these flows twain within and among companies. It is verbalize that the ultimate goal of every effective translate scope effment constitution is to repress neckcloth and parley is the transmission of information from one group or individual to nother.Business communication is very subjective now days to make contacts with people and for trading. Whenever a commerce wants to make a good subscriber line proposal or introduce a new concept, communication plays a very big role. Communication also helps in the conveying of message among the different employees or customers of the organization. Communication helps to direct employees to attain their goals without any misunderstanding or confusion. This paper discusses the different roles of supply range of a function management, different role & ways of supply chain management .The pick oute also tried to find out what is the roblem and shortage of SQUAREs supply chain management system to improve themselves. Keywords Supply chain, trading operations process, Distri providedion policy, communication process, Forecasting, Planning *Economic Editor, Daily Ittefaq and ancillary Faculty, Atish Dipankar university of Science and Technology Introduction goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory (with the assumption that products be available when needed).As a solution for successful supply chain management, sophisticated software systems with nett interfaces are competing with Web-based application serve well providers (ASP) who romise to provide part or exclusively(a) of the SCM service for companies who rent their service. flow The information flow The finances flow SQUARE today is a name considering Pharmaceuti cal world, as well as synonym of quality- be it toiletries, health products, textiles, Agro Vet products, information technology and few more.But in the year 1958 ,the connection was originally started with Pharmaceuticals. Now that small company of 1958 is a publicly listed diversified group of companies employing more than 12,000 people. The current yearly group turnover is more than ccc million USD. All these were possible due to Samson H Chowdhurys innovative ideas, tireless efforts, perseverance and committal with self confidence which contributed to his successful achievements.The product flow includes the question of goods from a supplier to a customer, as well as any customer returns or service necessitate. The information flow involves transmitting orders and modify the status of delivery. The financial flow consists of credit terms, payment schedules, and consignment and title ownership arrangements. There are both main types of SCM software planning applications and execution applications. Planning applications use advanced algorithms to determine he best way to fill an order.Execution applications track the physical status of goods, the management of materials, and financial information involving all parties. Some SCM applications are based on open data models that support the manduction of data both inside and outside the enterprise (this is portended the extended enterprise, and includes key suppliers, manufacturers, and end customers of a specific company). This shared data may reside in diverse database systems, or data warehouses, at several different sites and companies.By sharing this data upstream (with a companys suppliers) and downstream (with a companys lients), SCM applications have the potential to improve the succession-to-market of 2 products, reduce costs, and allow all parties in the supply chain to better manage current resources and plan for succeeding(a) needs. Increasing numbers of companies are turning to Web sites and Web-based applications as part of the SCM solution.A number of major Web sites offer EProcurement marketplaces where manufacturers feces trade and even make auction bids with suppliers. Basic research question of the study is whether foursquare Company as a whole can manage supply chain right on? Definition Of Communication Or Sharing Information A modern communications system is counterbalance concerned with the storing, treat and sometimes storing of information before its transmission.The actual transmission then follows, with upgrade processing and the filtering of noise. (KENNEDY, 1998) Communication must include both the transference and understanding of signification. (ROBBINS, 2003). Communication is the transmission of information and meaning from one individual group to another. (GUFFY, 2000). the receiver is decoding the idea or concept. Therefore without feedback no communication will happen or exist. (HUSSAIN, 2005) We said communication is how we share any in formation with others.So, we can confine communication as a transfer of meaningful message to the receiver with the hope to receive a feedback. AN overview Of SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Supply compass guidance as a concept has been astray accredited to a Booz Allen consultant named Keith Oliver who in 1982 defined the concept as follows Supply chain management (SCM) is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the operations of the supply chain with the purpose to satisfy customer requirements as expeditiously as possible.Supply chain management spans all ovement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point-of-origin to point-of-consumption. This seems to be the earliest produce definition and therefore places the concept of Supply train prudence at approximately 26 old age old. We can see that Supply mountain range without the oversight is referenced in the definition, so we know that the customary idea of a supply flow through a strain was recognized prior to Olivers definition.What Oliver rightfully captured was the conscious and deliberate control, integration, and management of the business functions contributing to, and affecting that supply flow hrough the business, for the purpose of better performance, costs, flexibility etc, and for the ultimate benefit of the end customer. 3 The concept has been defined in simpler terms since that time and is often captured with five words Plan, Source, Make, Deliver, and Return.Both of these definitions allude to a manufacturing origin but of course Supply Chain Management is as relevant to service, retail, distribution, and most other types of companies as it is to manufacturing. The area of Supply Chain Management has enjoyed a meteoric rise in significance over the last twenty to thirty long time as businesses have tried to establish dvantage, and felt the pressure to proceed up, in an increasingly self-colored and competitive global business en vironment. Japanese manufacturing companies brought great emphasis to the area of Supply Chain Management in the 1980s and early 1990s.Awareness of Supply Chain Management tools such as Just In metre and Kan Ban spread rapidly and became globally accepted best practice amongst volume manufacturing businesses. Western businesses raced to keep pace with a rapidly changing environment, dragging their supply bases, and sometimes employees behind them. At the alike time companies like SAP and Oracle were eveloping the involved IT systems that would be essential for enabling large complex businesses to effectively integrate and managing the sub areas that combined to make complex supply chains.Of course the elements of Supply Chain Management have always existed in business. What changed was the willingness of businesses to recognize the inter- coordination and integration, both from a strategy / planning scene and operationally. The sub areas comprising a supply chain include Forecas ting/Planning Purchasing/Procurement Logistics Operations Inventory Management Transport Warehousing Distribution Customer Service Today, Supply Chain Management is an accepted term in our business glossary. However, it is difficult to find a standard model of Supply Chain Management operating in the business community.We continue to see variations on the theme. Some business will refer to and manage their supply chains in a coordinated and all cover fashion, including all of the sub areas defined above. Others will integrate some elements of the supply chain, for example purchasing and logistics and call this Supply Chain Management. Many will refer 4 conceptually to Supply Chain Management, but only address it specifically at the eneral management level. One area of confusion arises because Supply Chain Management is both a horizontal business function (i. e. anaging the supply chain in a business), and a vertical industry sector (i. e. businesses involved in managing supply cha ins on behalf of their clients). A company like TDG operates as a supply chain service provider, within the vertical supply chain industry sector. But each of the clients serviced by TDG will employ supply chain faculty within their business operating on a horizontal basis across their organization. The supply chain industry sector as the vertical is often eferred to, is largely restricted to transport and storage type operations.Distributing products on behalf of clients. Whereas, the horizontal supply chain functional areas encompass the entire supply chain spectrum across a business. Supply Chain Management has matured from a compelling method of deriving competitive advantage, to a ticket to ride. Its is now a baseline expectation for any company wishing to repugn in the 21st Century, and with that the professions and occupations comprising Supply Chain Management are now firmly entrenched in the armory of essential business executives.The sub areas comprising Supply Chain Man agement are defined further below Forecasting / Planning All business needs to forecast and plan. To look forward and auspicate what will be required in terms of resources and materials in order to deliver their product or demand planning, inventory planning, capacity planning etc Purchasing / Procurement The commercial part of the supply chain is purchasing. Otherwise its known as Buying or Procurement. This is where a business identifies suppliers to provide the products and services that it needs to acquire in order to create and deliver its own ervice or product.Costs and terms of business are negotiated and agreed and contracts created. Thereafter the suppliers performance and future contractual arrangements will be managed in this area. This area of the business is sometimes referred to as purchasing, sometimes, procurance, buying, sourcing, etc. However, all titles relate to the acquisition of materials and services. The difference between purchasing and procurement is larg ely academic as, whilst there is a theoretical difference between them, businesses use the titles interchangeably for the two variations of activity.You will for example find manufacturing companies with purchasing departments that are actually doing procurement roles, and you will find service based organizations with 5 procurement departments but in fact doing purchasing roles. In its strictest definition purchasing is limited to the actual commercial transaction and no more, whilst procurement includes the wider elements of the acquisition, including logistics and performance management. In its strictest definition logistics refers to the movement of goods or materials, whether inbound, through, or outbound.In some manufacturing businesses orecasting and planning will be found within a logistics department, in other businesses logistics will be exclusively managing the movement and transportation of goods and materials. Operations are a superior general management type activity ensuring that a business uses its resources effectively to pertain its customer commitments. Usually referring to the alteration activity of the business, i. e. the point where the acquired resources and/ or materials are converted into the product or service that the business is merchandising on to its customers.Sometimes found within Logistics Management, or Demand Planning or Operations, Inventory Management typically takes responsibility for both the replenishment of physical stock, the levels of physical stock, and of course storage and issue of physical stock. origin may be materials and goods sourced from suppliers, work in progress, or finished goods awaiting sale/dispatch. Transport management can involve the control of a company owned fleet of vehicles, collecting, moving, or delivering materials and goods, or managing transport services sourced from a 3rd caller transport provider.Like transport management, warehousing can involve the control of company arehouse space , or managing warehouse space sourced from 3rd party providers. 6 Distribution involves the physical distribution of the companys products to the sub- electrical distributor or directly to the customer base. Typically this is a combined transport and warehousing operation, responsible for storing and delivering products to meet the customers needs. Again this combined activity will often be placed with a 3rd party service provider who will control and implement the processes.Most people do not recognize customer service as part of supply chain management, but it is in fact the final charm in the Jigs aw. Having taken the business inputs, created and delivered a product or service, the final element is to check that the customers expectations were achieved, and manage any actions necessary to meet your customer obligations and commitments. Supply Chain Management System In Square For any organization supply chain management communication process is very important.

Clearwater Seafoods case Essay

Clearwater Seafood (Clearwater) is a seafood comp each located on the east coast of Canada, and Clearwater Seafood income Fund with operations around the world. As a result of the increasing grandness of the Canadian horse relative to other currencies of the world, Clearwater recently stopped paying their distributions. The decision faced by the monetary director to determine the st localizegy of the comp either should take to enable it to recover its distribution. This is due to the option between various financial and operational resources to hedge up-to-dateness insecuritys that brought the family to its accepted situation orbitClearwater was founded in 1976 at Bedford, Nova Scotia as a local lobster distributer and later in 2002 went public. Clearwater Seafood harvests, processes, and distributes fresh and icy fish and shellfish to sell worldwide. It holds major offshore rights to harvest clams, crab, lobster, sc every last(predicate)ops, and shrimp off the north easter n coast of Canada. Clearwater Seafood operates its own fleet of ships, a broad with off-shore and on-shore processing facilities. Foreign Ex throw RiskForeign win over risk is the risk to the value of ones assets when it is valued in a nonher gold. The swop rate of a currency to another may be volatile. It is this change in value of the currency that gives chute to distant exchange risk. Depreciation in the currency in which your assets are denominated will result in a lower value of your assets when measured in another currency compared to the period before depreciation. The bulk of Clearwaters customers are international customers. In 2005, majority of Clearwaters sales were from overseas customers. The source of their foreign exchange risk is the payment method that the company implements. The customers are billed in their domestic currency rather than in Canadian dollars.Clearwater deals with customers from the US, Japan, Europe and Asia. The company receives payment from its international customers in their respective currency. When the Canadian dollar appreciates in relation to all these currencies, the money that Clearwater receives from their customers loses value. The higher the Canadian dollar appreciates, the less Canadian dollars Clearwater can convert to with the US dollars, euros or yen thatthey receive from their customers. Risks associated with foreign exchange are part mitigated by the fact Clearwater operates internationally, which reduces the impact of any country specific economic risks on its business. Clearwater in any cause uses forward exchange contracts to manage its foreign currency exposures.Clearwaters sales denominated in U.S. dollars were approximately 55% of annual sales as on December 31st 2005. These forward contracts were such that a one-cent change in the U.S. dollar as reborn to Canadian dollars would result in a $505,000 change in sales and gross profit. In addition, approximately 19% of 2005 annual sales were de nominated in Euros. Based on the sales and hedges in place on December 31, 2005, a one-cent change in the Euro as converted to Canadian dollars would result in a $285,000 change in sales and gross profit. Also, 8% of 2005 annual sales were denominated in Japanese Yen. Based on 2005 annual sales, every one twentieth of a cent change in the Yen as converted to Canadian dollars would result in a change of 118,087,000 in sales and gross profit. It is clear that Clearwater faces significant foreign exchange risk and the implications of an ominous change in the currency conversions can be too huge for the company to endure. Business riskBusiness risk is the possibility that a company will throw off lower than anticipated win or the company will incur a loss. Business risk may influenced by numerous factors, including sales volume, per-unit price, input greets, competition, and overall economic climate and government regulations. Clearwaters business depends on a continuing supply of p roduct that meets its quality and quantity requirements. Water temperatures, feed in the water and the heading of predators all influence the level of the catch and harvesting locations are not necessarily consistently victorious from year to year. The availability of seafood in Canadian and Argentinean waters is similarly dependent on the total deductible catch allocated to Clearwater in a given area.Although the totals allowable catch in these areas and Clearwaters injectprise allocations have been largely stable, fishery regulators have the right to make changes in the total allowable catch establish on their assessment of the resource from time to time. Any reduction of total allowable catches in the areas from which Clearwater sources seafood, or the reduction of stocks due to changes in theenvironment or the health of certain species, may have a material adverse effect on Clearwaters financial condition and results of operations. Resource risk is managed with adherence t o the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) policies and guidelines. The guidelines, developed by DFO, are very often a cooperative swither between assiduity participants and DFO.Clearwater mitigates the risk associated with resource supply and competition through the diversification across species. Clearwaters operating bes may be negatively bear on by increases in inputs, such as energy costs, raw material and commodity prices. Clearwater uses sack, electricity, air and ocean freight and other materials in the production, encase and distribution of its products. Fuel and freight are two significant components of the costs of Clearwaters products and the distribution so the inability of any of Clearwaters suppliers to satisfy its requirements or a material increase in the cost of these inputs may have an adverse effect on Clearwaters financial condition and results of operations.The seafood industry is passing competitive in all of the markets in which Clearwater partici pates. Some of Clearwaters competitors have more significant operations within the marketplace, a greater diversification of product lines and greater economic resources than Clearwater and are well establish as suppliers to the markets that Clearwater serves. Such competitors may be better able to withstand volatility within the seafood industry and throughout the economy as a whole while retaining greater operating and financial flexibleness than Clearwater. There can be no assurance that Clearwater will be able to compete successfully against its current or future competitors or that competition will not affect Clearwaters financial condition and results of operations. Recommendations for managementForeign Exchange RiskClearwater did not completely offset the recent currency fluctuations with their hedge positions and they paid the price for it. It is recommended that they fully hedge all their foreign exchange positions. FPI is an example of a competitor in the industry who has benefited from doing so. FPI was largely unaffected by the currency fluctuation that badly affected Clearwater. This is justified by FPIs increase in sales from 2003 to 2004where Clearwater had corresponding drop in sales during the same period. It is also recommended that Clearwater switch its mulct call options to long call options. In its current short call position, Clearwater is the seller of the option and has no right to exercise the option. Clearwater is responsible to meet its obligations in the case the counter companionship exercises the option at strike price.In a nut shell, under this short call position, Clearwater does not eliminate uncertainty on currency prices, its counterpart however does. Instead of this position, Clearwater should enter in long call options to hedge its foreign exchange risk. They should lock in prices to buy Canadian dollars in all the foreign currencies that they receive as payment such as US dollars, yen, euro, sterling and others. If the C anadian dollar were to appreciate, they would exercise the call option at the stipulated strike price and this would cut their losses of further appreciation. If the Canadian dollar were to depreciate, Clearwater would merely lose the price paid for the option premium. Overall, Clearwater benefits from this long call position disregardless whether the exchange rate appreciates or depreciates as they have removed uncertainty in the exchange rate.Clearwater should also diversify its hedging strategies and enter into a matching receipts and payments strategy. This method involves offsetting receipts and payments. As a major part of their foreign exposure is to the US dollar, it is recommended that they rearrange some of their purchasing arrangement with its current domestic suppliers and switch to suppliers from the United States. By switching to American suppliers, they will be billed in US dollars. The US dollars that Clearwater receives from its American customers can be used to pa y the bills that are denominated in US dollars. This directly nullifies any volatility in the US dollar to Canadian dollar exchange rate. Clearwater should enter into agreements with its large counterparties to receive payment in Canadian dollars. This will transfer the risk onto the other partys head and will allow matching strategy to be implemented.This may not be possible for the slighter parties that owe Clearwater money. Another alternative would be for Clearwater to hedge their currency positions through investing in gold. It has been a common business practice for many old age to use gold or other precious metals to hedge currency positions. The company could consider keeping gold in their portfolios to deem against economic downturns. As the seafood industry isan industry that is primarily based on international trade, the success of any company in this industry will rely on the trend the company manages its foreign exchange risk. Clearwater should expand its foreign e xchange management program with qualified financial professional who have years of prior knowledge in hedging currency positions. Operating and Business riskAs compared to its competitors FPI and American Seafoods Group, Clearwater offers more high-value seafood products with higher prices. Therefore it is highly unlikely that the company has the ability to pass on any increases in fuel prices to their customers, without a negative impact on their profit margins. It is recommended that the company buys a fuel swap to hedge against fuel prices. In addition to that, the company could also consider buying a fuel call option. If the price of fuel increases, the company will receive a return on the option that offsets their actual cost of fuel. In terms of expanding its market, I believe that Clearwater should look into entering the Chinese market in the future. The increasing demand for high-value seafood in China has been fuelled by its growing middle class.The company could market its seafood products as being fresh and natural to beat the local Asian aquaculture competitors who currently tower that market. In order to fund the fuel hedge as well as the China market cost, it is advised that Clearwater sell off surplus TACs. Clearwater currently owns the highest percentage of TACs in Canada. It is recommended that clam TACs be sell as Clearwater currently has full TAC ownership of clams with the largest quota of 44,000.However clams only make virtually 15.6% of the companys sales which suggest that the profit margins on clams is relatively small compared to scallops or lobsters who have sales percentage of 31.3% and 22.5% respectively and TAC quotas of 10,275 and 720 respectively. I believe it is logical to make a small sacrifice to gain funding to hedge volatile fuel cost as well as fund marketing costs into a new segment. Greater good is expected at the cost of a small sacrifice. As the company currently faces difficulty in the foreign exchange market, this way of funding ignores currency rates as Clearwater will be selling their TACs to other Canadian companies which would be paying for the TACs in the Canadian dollars.

Env 100 Environmental Pollutants Sewage and Fossil Fuels

Environmental Pollutants Sewage and fossil Fuels ENV/100 edge 2013 Environmental Pollutants Sewage and fossil Fuels Environmental pollutants, according to the Blacksmith Institute (2013) negatively proceed megs of the worlds population as a result of exposure to poisons associated with sewerage and the fossil sack me ball upcopic inunct. These poisons nonplus led to long-term detrimental effects on ecosystems and has attributed to the premature deaths of 40% or 2. 8 billion of the worlds population of which three million children under the age of cardinal die prematurely because of exposure these contaminants.Researchers estimate that this number provide grow to roughly 3. 6 billion by 2050 if these invasive toxins continue to remain prevalent in the worlds environment (Organisation for sparing Co-Operation and Development, 2012). In this paper, Team D will discuss the effects that sewage and underbred crude crude vegetable oil have on the quality of line of reaso ning, soil, and piss, environmental biological diversity, administration methods, and fakenative solutions toward the use of crude oil (University of Phoenix, 2013, hebdomad Five Syllabus).Sewage As defined by vegetable oilgae (2013) sewage refers to waste irrigate that commonly derives from liquid or good human activities that contaminate the Earths air, soil, and piss. These contaminates contain infectious organisms, referred to pathogens that cause diseases, such as bacteria dysentery and cholera, viral diseases of hepatitis and polio, and protozoal disease of amoebic dysentery and giardiasis (Oklahoma discussion section of Environmental Quality, 2002).Additionally, as stated by Nakate (2013) these toxins alter biological diversity through eutrophication, which degrades water quality, ultimately alters aquatic species, hinders native plants, and increases biological oxygen take (BOD). As the rise in levels of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous as well as organic fertili zer wastes in water pathways initiates extreme growth of bacteria and algae that boot outs lethal to living organisms as well as disrupts the proceed and structure of the entire ecosystems.These pollutants generally fall under four specific categories commercial, industrial, sanitary, and surface runoff and impelling management of their sewage waste byproducts (Oilgae, 2013). Commercial According to Oilgae (2013), this category contains liquid and solid waste materials associated with offices, restaurants, and portion organizations in which sewage waste, such as cleaning chemicals or garbage placed in move over air dumpsters seep into the surface soil and water, or emit into the air through decomposition.Industrial This sewage originates from discarded water employed during the chemical and manufacturing process, such as mining (Oilgae, 2013). Mining produces high-levels arsenic, cyanide, and sulfuric acrid wastewater or tailing, which miners dump into surface water pathways o r pile uncovered that contaminates ground water, soil, and air through emissions of the harmful dust particles and through rainwater (Blacksmith Institute, 2012). SanitaryShandilya (2013) defines this category as domestic waste initiated from institutional and residential activities that dispense wastewater associated detergents, soaps, and human bodily wastes that drain into sewage systems, lakes, or streams, which contaminates drinking water and harms animals and aquatic life. Surface Runoff This category represents as agricultural sewage, which includes fertilizers and pesticides that contain rich nutrients, such as nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous, which accelerates enrichment leading to eutrophication as the waste travels through rainwater or dumped into water pathways (Shandilya, 2013).Sewage Waste Management The effective management of sewage waste would include abolishing untreated sewage and enforce a pre-treatment process that includes ample filtering of effluents, employing microbes that convert wastes into solids therefore, easily separated, and disinfecting partially pure effluents through chemical ruination (Hollis, 2013). The pre-treatment process of chemical precipitation involves adding chemicals to the waste to create particles that remove toxins through decantation therefore, properly transferring, disposing, and reusing the cleansed water (Edwards, 1994).This treatment process can prove beneficial to other wastes producers like that of fossil fuel crude oil. Fossil Fuel Crude Oil Crude oil, as illustrated by Kaiser (2009) represents the worlds primary industrial energy first with estimates covering 30 to 40% of the world uses this fossil fuel for energy consumption, and indentified as black gold. This oil, a hydrocarbon, and derived from organic material from lakes and oceans that contain pressure and heat.Oil, generally falls into two categories conventional, which proves slight expensive, easy, and fast, or non-conventional tha t has an established theme s expensive, slow, and difficult whereas, crude oil has a classification of light, medium, or heavy, depending on the American oil color Institute (API) gravity. Crude oil, receives is name because it has dozens of different hydrocarbon compounds in which oil refineries work on accomplishing refinery of crude oil in three steps. 1. Breaking down thousands of compounds within the crude oil to chemical units. . accept contaminants, entirely. 3. Transform the individual chemical units. As the oil becomes refined and separated into various fuels, this conversion leads to domain of numerous products, such as gasoline and other petroleum products that transports through 23,000 miles of pipeline within the coupled States. This conversion and transportation of fossil fuel byproducts has proven harmful to the environment as well as the disposal of these fossil fuel oils in which society must seek alternative energy resources. Fossil Fuel and the EnvironmentFos sil fuels, according to Green Energy Choice (2013) have become one of the worlds greatest greenhouse gas emitters that contribute three-fourths of the entire worlds carbon, methane, and other gas emissions. The production of electricity involves burning fossil fuels at an extremely high temperature, which results in high concentrations of befoulment in the water and air. For example, the atmosphere naturally absorbs one ton of greenhouse gases however, the atmosphere traps approximately 25% extra of the suns radiation because of the annual rise in greenhouse gas secretions.As 98% of the United States energy creation coming from the non-renewable fossil sources, the disposal of oil proves vital toward protecting the environment. organization of Oil As communicated by Septer (2013), recycling waste or used oil proves valuable to the environment, and the thrift as inadequate disposal of waste oil damages water, land, and air resources. Recycling oil assists in the rescue of natural resources and conserves energy production. The most important motive for recycling oil surrounds the preservation of resources associated with crude oil.The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) stated that 2. 5 quarts of high-quality lubricating oil is produced from just one gallon of waste oil conversely, it takes an astonishing 42 gallons of crude oil to manufacture the same 2. 5 quarts of high-quality oil (para. 3). Therefore, recycling oil proves beneficial because it does not pollute water pathways and does not finish in landfills as well as lowering the cost through oil re-refining rather than oil filtering.Therefore, the improper disposal of oil, such as throwing it away harms the environments whereas, the energy saved in converting waste oil into fresh oil have has vast benefits, such as cleansing one gallon of waste oil employs less resources than refining 42 gallons of crude oil (para. 6). alternative Solutions According to Alternative Energy (n. d. ) crude oil represe nts a limited accessible fossil fuel and analysts believe that by 2050 accessible crude oil in its entirety will become out(p), which has led scientist to create alternative fuel sources other than fossil and nuclear.The world uses nuclear fuel as demonstrated with the more than 300 global nuclear baron plants in which France and Japan generate approximately 80% of electrical power from these plants. As illustrated by Alternative Energy (n. d. ) two alternate energy resources to replace the use of crude oil include solar and wind energy. Solar energy has proven to become one of the best power energies for the environment in that the solar power systems can remove more than 110,000 pounds of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases out of atmosphere as well as prevent the requirement to burn 60,000 pounds of coal (para. ). Solar does not produce acrimonious rain, urban smog, or any other pollutants. Wind power represents the second alternate energy source and quickly becoming one of the most hopeful new energy sources for electricity and the cost has trim back by 15% with doubling of installed capacity worldwide (para. 13). Subsequently, worldwide wind energy capacity has reached approximately 16 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity after 1999 and these energy hours provide enough energy comparable to the sizing of five Miami cities. ConclusionAs premature deaths continues to rise with an expectation of reaching more than three billion by 2050 on with the increasing growth in population, the Earths natural resources ultimately will become extinct because of the relentless and prevalent environmental pollutants of which sewage and crude oil contribute. Team D has illustrated the importance of rationality the initiators of sewage and crude oil pollutants, their cause and effect on the environment as well as proper waste management presented by chemical precipitation, and alternatives energy sources of solar and wind.However, the decisions made today will signifi cantly influence the days of tomorrow therefore, to protect the environment and the community members within each ecosystem, human race must strengthen its commitment toward the reduction of premature deaths and its creators. References Alternative Energy. (n. d. ). Alternative energy. Retrieved from http//www. altenergy. org/ Blacksmith Institute. (2013). The worlds top ten toxic pollution problems 2012 Pollution facts. Retrieved from http//www. worstpolluted. org/pollution-facts-2009. html Edwards, J. D. (1994, December 30).Chemical precipitation Basics. Retrieved from http//cleanh2o. com/ww/chemppt. html Green Energy Choice. (2013). Fossil Fuels How do they negatively affect the environment? Retrieved from http//www. greenenergychoice. com/green-guide/fossil-fuels. html Hollis, T. (2013). How to manage waste water. Retrieved from http//www. ehow. com/how_ 10030919_manage-waste-water. html Kaiser, D. (2009, October 23). Alternative energy replacements for crude oil. Retrieved f rom http//suite101. com/article/alternative-energy-replacements-for-crude-oil-a161973 Nakate, S. 2013, January 24). Sewage water pollution. Retrieved from http//buzzle. com/ articles/sewage-water-pollution. html Oilgae. (2013). Types of wastewater. Retrieved from http//www. oilgae. com/algae/cult/sew typ/typ. html Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality. 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